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Consumer Price Index (CPI) vs GDP Deflator

Consumer Price Index (CPI) and GDP Deflator are two Measuring the Economy concepts in AP Economics that students often mix up. In short: consumer price index (cpi) is cPI is a measure of inflation. Meanwhile, gdp deflator is the GDP deflator is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. Here is how they compare side by side.

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

CPI is a measure of inflation.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a statistical measure that tracks the weighted average of prices of a basket of goods and services consumed by households. It is used to measure inflation, which is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. The CPI is calculated by comparing the current prices of the basket of goods and services to a base period. This helps to determine the percentage change in prices over time.

GDP Deflator

The GDP deflator is a measure of the level of prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy.

It is calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP, multiplied by 100, and shows how much prices have changed since the base year. It is a broad measure of inflation that includes all goods and services in GDP, unlike the CPI which uses a fixed basket.

GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100

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