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Sunk Cost vs Fixed Costs

Sunk Cost and Fixed Costs are two Production & Costs concepts in AP Economics that students often mix up. In short: sunk cost is a sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Meanwhile, fixed costs is fixed Costs are costs that do not change with the level of output in the short run. Here is how they compare side by side.

Sunk Cost

A sunk cost is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered.

Sunk costs should not influence future economic decisions because they are irreversible. Rational firms ignore sunk costs when deciding whether to continue production or shut down, focusing instead on marginal costs and revenues.

Fixed Costs

Fixed Costs are costs that do not change with the level of output in the short run.

These include expenses like rent, insurance, or salaries for permanent staff that must be paid even if production is zero. Fixed costs are unavoidable in the short run regardless of output levels.

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