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Peak vs Trough

Peak and Trough are two The Business Cycle concepts in AP Economics that students often mix up. In short: peak is the peak is the highest point of economic activity in a business cycle. Meanwhile, trough is the trough is the lowest point of economic activity in a business cycle. Here is how they compare side by side.

Peak

The peak is the highest point of economic activity in a business cycle.

The peak represents the end of an expansion and the beginning of a contraction. At the peak, an economy's real GDP stops increasing and starts to decline. Unemployment is low, and inflation may be high.

Trough

The trough is the lowest point of economic activity in a business cycle.

The trough represents the end of a contraction and the beginning of an expansion. At the trough, an economy's real GDP stops decreasing and starts to increase. Unemployment is high, and inflation is typically low.

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