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Folk Theorem

The folk theorem states that in an infinitely repeated game with patient players, almost any reasonable (individually rational) outcome can be sustained as an equilibrium.

When a stage game is repeated indefinitely and players discount the future little, credible threats of future punishment let them support cooperative outcomes that are impossible in a one-shot game. So the set of equilibrium payoffs balloons to include nearly all feasible, individually rational payoffs. This formalizes why repeated interaction enables collusion, relational contracts, and reputation effects.

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