EconLearn
AP MicroeconomicsMarket Structures

Natural Monopoly

A natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can produce the entire market output at a lower average total cost than multiple firms could.

This typically happens in industries with very high fixed costs and low marginal costs, such as utilities, where economies of scale are so large that one firm is more efficient than many. Government regulation is often used to prevent abuse of market power.

Related terms

AP® is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, EconLearn.