Economics comparisons
661 side-by-side pages. Each one defines both terms, puts them in a table, and names the difference an exam question is actually testing.
A
- Absolute Advantage vs Opportunity Cost
- Absolute Advantage vs Production Possibilities Curve
- Absolute Advantage vs Productive Efficiency
- Absolute Advantage vs Specialization
- Absolute Advantage vs Terms of Trade
- Absolute Poverty vs Relative Poverty
- Accounting Profit vs Economic Profit
- Accounting Profit vs Implicit Costs
- Accounting Profit vs Normal Profit
- Accounting Profit vs Total Cost
- AD-AS Model vs Aggregate Demand
- AD-AS Model vs Stagflation
- Adverse Selection vs Free Rider Problem
- Adverse Selection vs Market for Lemons
- Adverse Selection vs Moral Hazard
- Adverse Selection vs Negative Externality
- Adverse Selection vs Tragedy of the Commons
- Aggregate Demand vs Aggregate Supply
- Aggregate Demand vs Determinants of Aggregate Demand
- Aggregate Demand vs Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Aggregate Demand vs Interest Rate Effect
- Aggregate Demand vs Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Aggregate Demand vs Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)
- Aggregate Demand vs Multiplier Effect
- Aggregate Production Function vs Growth Accounting
- Aggregate Supply vs Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Aggregate Supply vs Net Export Effect
- Aggregate Supply vs Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Aggregate Supply vs Spending Multiplier
- Aggregate Supply vs Sticky-Wage Theory of SRAS
- Allocative Efficiency vs Marginal Analysis
- Allocative Efficiency vs Marginal Benefit
- Allocative Efficiency vs Production Possibilities Curve
- Allocative Efficiency vs Productive Efficiency
- Allocative Efficiency vs Rational Self-Interest
- Anchoring Bias vs Framing Effect
- Antitrust Law vs Rate-of-Return Regulation
- Arrow's Impossibility Theorem vs Condorcet Paradox
- Asymmetric Information vs Adverse Selection
- Asymmetric Information vs Externality
- Asymmetric Information vs Free Rider Problem
- Asymmetric Information vs Market Failure
- Asymmetric Information vs Moral Hazard
- Austrian School vs Keynesian Economics
- Austrian School vs Marxian Economics
- Automatic Stabilizers vs Discretionary Fiscal Policy
- Automatic Stabilizers vs Transfer Payment
- Availability Heuristic vs Confirmation Bias
- Average Fixed Cost vs Average Total Cost
- Average Fixed Cost vs Average Variable Cost
- Average Fixed Cost vs Economies of Scale
- Average Fixed Cost vs Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- Average Fixed Cost vs Marginal Cost
- Average Fixed Cost vs Sunk Cost
- Average Fixed Cost vs Total Cost
- Average Product vs Average Total Cost
- Average Product vs Average Variable Cost
- Average Product vs Economies of Scale
- Average Product vs Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- Average Tax Rate vs Sales Tax
- Average Tax Rate vs Tax Base
- Average Tax Rate vs Transfer Payment
- Average Total Cost vs Average Variable Cost
- Average Total Cost vs Envelope Curve (Long-Run ATC)
- Average Total Cost vs Marginal Cost
- Average Variable Cost vs Marginal Cost
- Average Variable Cost vs Total Cost
B
- Balance of Payments vs Capital and Financial Account
- Balance of Payments vs Current Account
- Balance of Payments vs Marshall-Lerner Condition
- Balance of Payments vs Optimum Currency Area
- Balance of Payments vs Tariff
- Barriers to Entry vs Monopoly
- Barriers to Entry vs Natural Monopoly
- Barriers to Entry vs Product Differentiation
- Barriers to Entry vs Switching Costs
- Barter vs Functions of Money
- Base Year vs Index Number
- Behavioral Economics vs Bounded Rationality
- Behavioral Economics vs Nudge
- Behavioral Economics vs Prospect Theory
- Bond vs Quantitative Easing
- Bond vs Stock (Equity)
- Bounded Rationality vs Availability Heuristic
- Bounded Rationality vs Nudge
- Bounded Rationality vs Prospect Theory
- Bounded Rationality vs Satisficing
- Brain Drain vs Remittances
- Break-Even Point vs Excess Capacity
- Break-Even Point vs Long-Run Equilibrium
- Break-Even Point vs Marginal Revenue
- Break-Even Point vs Monopoly
- Break-Even Point vs Profit Maximization Rule (MR = MC)
- Break-Even Point vs Shutdown Point
- Budget Constraint vs Engel Curve
- Budget Constraint vs Indifference Curve
- Budget Constraint vs Production Possibilities Curve
- Budget Constraint vs Utility Maximization Rule
- Budget Deficit vs Budget Surplus
- Budget Deficit vs Debt Ceiling
- Budget Deficit vs National Debt
- Budget Deficit vs Trade Deficit
- Budget Line vs Isocost Line
- Business Cycle vs Economic Growth
C
- Cap and Trade vs Carbon Tax
- Cap and Trade vs Command-and-Control Regulation
- Cap and Trade vs Marketable Permit
- Cap and Trade vs Social Cost of Carbon
- Capacity Utilization vs Industrial Production Index
- Capital and Financial Account vs Exchange Rate
- Capital and Financial Account vs Twin Deficits Hypothesis
- Capital Gains Tax vs Corporate Income Tax
- Capitalism vs Command Economy
- Capitalism vs Invisible Hand
- Capitalism vs Laissez-Faire
- Capitalism vs Market Economy
- Capitalism vs Marxian Economics
- Capitalism vs Mercantilism
- Capitalism vs Mixed Economy
- Capitalism vs Socialism
- Carbon Tax vs Command-and-Control Regulation
- Carbon Tax vs Emissions Trading
- Carbon Tax vs Marginal Abatement Cost
- Carbon Tax vs Pigouvian Tax
- Cartel vs Collusion
- Cartel vs Dominant Strategy
- Cartel vs Oligopoly
- Central Bank Digital Currency vs Stablecoin
- Central Bank vs Federal Reserve System
- Ceteris Paribus vs Fallacy of Composition
- Ceteris Paribus vs Production Possibilities Curve
- Ceteris Paribus vs Rational Self-Interest
- Change in Demand vs. Change in Quantity Demanded vs Determinants of Demand
- Change in Demand vs. Change in Quantity Demanded vs Determinants of Supply
- Change in Demand vs. Change in Quantity Demanded vs Excise Tax
- Change in Demand vs. Change in Quantity Demanded vs Normal Good
- Change in Demand vs. Change in Quantity Demanded vs Shortage (Excess Demand)
- Circular Flow Model vs Factors of Production
- Classical Economics vs Classical Dichotomy
- Classical Economics vs Monetarism
- Classical Economics vs Supply-Side Economics
- Coase Theorem vs Externality
- Coase Theorem vs Free Rider Problem
- Coase Theorem vs Pigouvian Tax
- Coase Theorem vs Public Good
- Coase Theorem vs Tragedy of the Commons
- Collective Bargaining vs Compensating Differential
- Collective Bargaining vs Efficiency Wage
- Collective Bargaining vs Right-to-Work Law
- Command Economy vs Keynesian Economics
- Command Economy vs Marxian Economics
- Command Economy vs Mixed Economy
- Command Economy vs Socialism
- Command Economy vs Traditional Economy
- Common-Pool Resource vs Nonrenewable Resource
- Common-Pool Resource vs Tragedy of the Commons
- Comparative Advantage vs Absolute Advantage
- Comparative Advantage vs Opportunity Cost
- Comparative Advantage vs Specialization
- Comparative Advantage vs Terms of Trade
- Compensating Variation vs Certainty Equivalent
- Complementary Goods vs Determinants of Supply
- Complementary Goods vs Inferior Good
- Complementary Goods vs Law of Demand
- Complementary Goods vs Normal Good
- Complementary Goods vs Quantity Demanded
- Compound Interest vs Present Value
- Consumer Confidence Index vs Purchasing Managers' Index
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) vs GDP Deflator
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) vs Inflation Rate
- Consumer Price Index (CPI) vs PCE Price Index
- Consumer Surplus vs Deadweight Loss
- Consumer Surplus vs Demand
- Consumer Surplus vs Producer Surplus
- Consumer Surplus vs Total Surplus
- Contestable Market vs Duopoly
- Contractionary Fiscal Policy vs Contractionary Monetary Policy
- Contractionary Fiscal Policy vs Discretionary Fiscal Policy
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Federal Funds Rate
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Money Demand
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Money Neutrality
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Net Export Effect of Monetary Policy
- Contractionary Monetary Policy vs Open Market Operations
- Convergence Hypothesis vs Middle-Income Trap
- Core Inflation vs Inflation
- Cournot Competition vs Bertrand Competition
- Cournot Competition vs Stackelberg Model
- Credible Threat vs First-Mover Advantage
- Credit Risk vs Liquidity Risk
- Crowding Out vs Crowding In
- Cryptocurrency vs Central Bank Digital Currency
- Cryptocurrency vs Stablecoin
- Currency Appreciation vs Currency Depreciation
- Currency Appreciation vs Exchange Rate
- Currency Appreciation vs Fixed Exchange Rate
- Currency Appreciation vs J-Curve Effect
- Currency Appreciation vs Net Exports
- Currency Depreciation vs Devaluation
- Currency Depreciation vs Fixed Exchange Rate
- Currency Depreciation vs Tariff
- Currency Depreciation vs Trade Deficit
- Currency in Circulation vs Vault Cash
- Current Account vs Capital and Financial Account
- Customs Union vs Common Market
- Cyclical Unemployment vs Natural Rate of Unemployment
D
- Deadweight Loss vs Tax Incidence
- Debt Ceiling vs Balanced Budget Amendment
- Default Option vs Status Quo Bias
- Deflation vs Disinflation
- Deflation vs Hyperinflation
- Demand vs Quantity Demanded
- Demand-Pull Inflation vs Cost-Push Inflation
- Demand-Pull Inflation vs Stagflation
- Deposit Insurance vs Lender of Last Resort
- Derivative vs Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
- Derivative vs Futures Contract
- Derivative vs Hedge Fund
- Derivative vs Leverage
- Derivative vs Options Contract
- Derivative vs Short Selling
- Derivative vs Systematic Risk
- Derived Demand vs Marginal Revenue Product
- Determinants of Aggregate Demand vs Determinants of Aggregate Supply
- Determinants of Demand vs Determinants of Supply
- Discount Rate vs Federal Funds Rate
- Discount Rate vs Interest on Reserve Balances (IORB)
- Discount Rate vs Lender of Last Resort
- Discount Rate vs Open Market Operations
- Discount Rate vs Reserve Requirement
- Discouraged Workers vs Underemployment
- Discretionary Fiscal Policy vs Expansionary Fiscal Policy
- Dominant Strategy vs Dominated Strategy
- Dominant Strategy vs Mixed Strategy
- Dominant Strategy vs Nash Equilibrium
- Dot-Com Bubble vs Subprime Mortgage Crisis
- Dumping vs Export Subsidy
- Dutch Disease vs Resource Curse
E
- Earned Income Tax Credit vs Universal Basic Income
- Economic Growth vs Productivity
- Economic Profit vs Normal Profit
- Economic Rent vs Rent-Seeking
- Economies of Scale vs Diseconomies of Scale
- Economies of Scale vs Economies of Scope
- Economies of Scale vs Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- Efficiency Wage vs Compensating Differential
- Elastic Demand vs Inelastic Demand
- Elastic Demand vs Perfectly Elastic
- Elastic Demand vs Unit Elastic
- Endowment Effect vs Loss Aversion
- Entitlement Program vs Transfer Payment
- Equilibrium Price vs Law of Demand
- Equilibrium Price vs Price Ceiling
- Estate Tax vs Capital Gains Tax
- Excess Reserves vs Federal Funds Rate
- Excess Reserves vs Money Multiplier
- Excess Reserves vs Reserve Requirement
- Exchange Rate vs Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
- Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) vs Index Fund
- Excise Tax vs Price Ceiling
- Excise Tax vs Sales Tax
- Excise Tax vs Subsidy
- Excise Tax vs Tax Incidence
- Existence Value vs Contingent Valuation
- Expansion vs Peak
- Expansion vs Recession
- Expansionary Fiscal Policy vs Contractionary Fiscal Policy
- Expansionary Fiscal Policy vs Expansionary Monetary Policy
- Expansionary Monetary Policy vs Contractionary Monetary Policy
- Expected Utility vs Certainty Equivalent
- Expenditure Approach vs Value Added
- Explicit Costs vs Implicit Costs
- Externality vs Free Rider Problem
- Externality vs Marginal Social Benefit
F
- Federal Funds Rate vs Interest on Reserve Balances (IORB)
- Fiat Money vs Commodity Money
- Fiat Money vs Cryptocurrency
- Final Goods vs Intermediate Goods
- Final Goods vs Value Added
- Fiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy
- Fiscal Policy vs Supply-Side Economics
- Fisher Equation vs Loanable Funds Market
- Fisher Equation vs Quantity Theory of Money
- Fixed Costs vs Average Fixed Cost
- Fixed Costs vs Variable Costs
- Floating Exchange Rate vs Devaluation
- Floating Exchange Rate vs Fixed Exchange Rate
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) vs Remittances
- Forward Guidance vs Inflation Targeting
- Framing Effect vs Choice Architecture
- Framing Effect vs Default Option
- Free Rider Problem vs Tragedy of the Commons
- Free Trade vs Globalization
- Free Trade vs Protectionism
- Frictional Unemployment vs Cyclical Unemployment
- Frictional Unemployment vs Seasonal Unemployment
- Frictional Unemployment vs Structural Unemployment
- Full Employment vs Natural Rate of Unemployment
- Futures Contract vs Arbitrage
- Futures Contract vs Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
- Futures Contract vs Leverage
- Futures Contract vs Options Contract
- Futures Contract vs Short Selling
G
- GDP Deflator vs Nominal GDP
- GDP Deflator vs Real GDP
- Gender Pay Gap vs Wage Discrimination
- Giffen Good vs Inferior Good
- Giffen Good vs Network Effect
- Giffen Good vs Veblen Good
- Globalization vs Convergence Hypothesis
- Globalization vs Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Globalization vs Middle-Income Trap
- Globalization vs Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis
- Globalization vs Protectionism
- Globalization vs World Trade Organization (WTO)
- Gold Standard vs Bretton Woods System
- Gold Standard vs Fiat Money
- Great Depression vs Great Recession
- Great Depression vs Hyperinflation
- Great Depression vs New Deal
- Great Depression vs Smoot-Hawley Tariff
- Great Depression vs Stagflation of the 1970s
- Great Recession vs Dot-Com Bubble
- Great Recession vs Japan's Lost Decade
- Great Recession vs Subprime Mortgage Crisis
- Green GDP vs Ecological Footprint
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) vs Gross National Product (GNP)
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) vs Per Capita GDP
H
I
- Implicit Costs vs Normal Profit
- Import Substitution Industrialization vs Export-Led Growth
- Income Effect vs Income Elasticity of Demand
- Income Effect vs Substitution Effect
- Income Elasticity of Demand vs Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
- Income Elasticity of Demand vs Engel Curve
- Indifference Curve vs Budget Line
- Indifference Curve vs Compensating Variation
- Indifference Curve vs Edgeworth Box
- Indifference Curve vs Expected Utility
- Indifference Curve vs Isocost Line
- Indifference Curve vs Marginal Rate of Substitution
- Indifference Curve vs Revealed Preference
- Inelastic Demand vs Perfectly Inelastic
- Infant Industry Argument vs Import Substitution Industrialization
- Inferior Good vs Substitute Goods
- Inflation vs Deflation
- Inflation vs Disinflation
- Initial Jobless Claims vs Nonfarm Payrolls
- Initial Jobless Claims vs Unemployment Rate
- Initial Public Offering (IPO) vs Private Equity
- Interest Rate Effect vs Net Export Effect
- Interest Rate Effect vs Wealth Effect
- Interest Rate Risk vs Credit Risk
- Interest Rate vs Bond
- Interest Rate vs Compound Interest
- Interest Rate vs Default Risk Premium
- Interest Rate vs Federal Reserve System
- Interest Rate vs Interest Rate Risk
- Interest Rate vs Liquidity Trap
- Interest Rate vs Present Value
- Interest Rate vs Prime Rate
- Interest Rate vs Quantitative Easing
- Interest Rate vs Stock (Equity)
- Interest Rate vs Term Structure of Interest Rates
- International Monetary Fund vs World Bank
- Invisible Hand vs Laissez-Faire
- Isoquant vs Indifference Curve
- Isoquant vs Isocost Line
J
K
L
- Labor Demand Curve vs Backward-Bending Labor Supply Curve
- Labor Mobility vs Structural Unemployment
- Labor Union vs Collective Bargaining
- Labor Union vs Efficiency Wage
- Labor Union vs Gig Economy
- Labor Union vs Right-to-Work Law
- Labor Union vs Unemployment Insurance
- Laffer Curve vs Tax Base
- Lagging Indicators vs Coincident Indicator
- Lagging Indicators vs Core Inflation
- Lagging Indicators vs Inventory-to-Sales Ratio
- Lagging Indicators vs Misery Index
- Lagging Indicators vs Producer Price Index (PPI)
- Lagging Indicators vs Yield Curve
- Laissez-Faire vs Classical Economics
- Laissez-Faire vs Keynesian Economics
- Law of Demand vs Determinants of Demand
- Law of Demand vs Law of Supply
- Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns vs Diseconomies of Scale
- Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility vs Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns
- Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility vs Utility Maximization Rule
- Law of Supply vs Determinants of Supply
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Coincident Indicator
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Consumer Confidence Index
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Inventory-to-Sales Ratio
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Lagging Indicators
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Nonfarm Payrolls
- Leading Economic Indicators vs Yield Curve
- Liquidity Trap vs Crowding Out
- Liquidity Trap vs Zero Lower Bound
- Loanable Funds Market vs Investment Demand Curve
- Loanable Funds Market vs Money Market
- Long-Run Aggregate Supply vs Output Gap
- Long-Run Equilibrium vs Shutdown Point
- Lorenz Curve vs Gini Coefficient
- Loss Aversion vs Prospect Theory
- Loss Aversion vs Sunk Cost Fallacy
M
- M1 and M2 vs Monetary Base (High-Powered Money)
- Marginal Abatement Cost vs Social Cost of Carbon
- Marginal Analysis vs Rational Self-Interest
- Marginal Benefit vs Marginal Utility
- Marginal Cost vs Marginal Revenue
- Marginal Product vs Average Product
- Marginal Product vs Marginal Cost
- Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) vs Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)
- Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) vs Spending Multiplier
- Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) vs Paradox of Thrift
- Marginal Rate of Substitution vs Budget Line
- Marginal Rate of Substitution vs Isoquant
- Marginal Rate of Substitution vs Revealed Preference
- Marginal Rate of Substitution vs Risk Aversion
- Marginal Revenue Product vs Marginal Resource Cost
- Marginal Social Benefit vs Marginal Social Cost
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Average Tax Rate
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Earned Income Tax Credit
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Excess Burden of Taxation
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Laffer Curve
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Payroll Tax
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Tax Base
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Tax Bracket
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Tax Credit
- Marginal Tax Rate vs Tax Wedge
- Marginal Utility vs Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
- Marginal Utility vs Total Utility
- Marginal Utility vs Utility Maximization Rule
- Marginal-Cost Pricing (Socially Optimal Price) vs Fair-Return Price (Average-Cost Pricing)
- Market Economy vs Command Economy
- Market Economy vs Mixed Economy
- Market Equilibrium vs Equilibrium Price
- Market Equilibrium vs Price Control
- Market Failure vs Externality
- Means-Tested Program vs Entitlement Program
- Means-Tested Program vs Negative Income Tax
- Median Voter Theorem vs Condorcet Paradox
- Microeconomics vs Macroeconomics
- Midpoint Method vs Total Revenue Test
- Minimum Wage vs Collective Bargaining
- Minimum Wage vs Efficiency Wage
- Minimum Wage vs Gig Economy
- Minimum Wage vs Labor Demand Curve
- Minimum Wage vs Labor Union
- Minimum Wage vs Living Wage
- Minimum Wage vs Right-to-Work Law
- Minimum Wage vs Unemployment Insurance
- Mixed Economy vs Laissez-Faire
- Mixed Economy vs Traditional Economy
- Monetarism vs Keynesian Economics
- Monetarism vs Supply-Side Economics
- Monetary Base (High-Powered Money) vs Money Supply
- Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism vs Taylor Rule
- Money Demand vs Money Supply
- Money Multiplier vs Spending Multiplier
- Money Supply vs Real Money Balances
- Monopolistic Competition vs Oligopoly
- Monopoly vs Cartel
- Monopoly vs Market Power
- Monopoly vs Monopolistic Competition
- Monopoly vs Monopsony
- Monopoly vs Oligopoly
- Monopoly vs Perfect Competition
- Monopsony vs Labor Union
- Monopsony vs Minimum Wage
- Moral Hazard vs Principal-Agent Problem
- Multiplier Effect vs Net Export Effect
- Multiplier Effect vs Spending Multiplier
- Multiplier Effect vs Wealth Effect
- Mutual Fund vs Index Fund
N
- Nash Equilibrium vs Pareto Efficiency
- Nash Equilibrium vs Prisoner's Dilemma
- National Debt vs Sovereign Debt
- Natural Monopoly vs Minimum Efficient Scale
- Natural Monopoly vs Monopoly
- Net Export Effect vs Wealth Effect
- Net Exports vs Current Account
- Net Exports vs Trade Deficit
- Net Exports vs Trade Surplus
- Network Effect vs Economies of Scale
- New Deal vs Marshall Plan
- Nominal GDP vs Real GDP
- Nominal Value vs Real Value
- Nonfarm Payrolls vs Unemployment Rate
- Normal Good vs Inferior Good
- Nudge vs Choice Architecture
O
P
- Pareto Efficiency vs Social Welfare Function
- Partial Equilibrium vs General Equilibrium
- Payoff Matrix vs Sequential Game
- Payroll Tax vs Capital Gains Tax
- Payroll Tax vs Sales Tax
- Peak vs Recession
- Peak vs Trough
- Perfect Competition vs Contestable Market
- Perfect Competition vs Monopolistic Competition
- Perfect Competition vs Oligopoly
- Perfectly Elastic vs Perfectly Inelastic
- Perfectly Inelastic vs Unit Elastic
- Pigouvian Tax vs Command-and-Control Regulation
- Positive Externality vs Negative Externality
- Poverty Line vs Relative Poverty
- Predatory Pricing vs Limit Pricing
- Present Bias vs Hyperbolic Discounting
- Price Ceiling vs Price Floor
- Price Control vs Price Ceiling
- Price Discrimination vs Predatory Pricing
- Price Discrimination vs Product Differentiation
- Price Elasticity of Demand vs Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
- Price Elasticity of Demand vs Income Elasticity of Demand
- Price Elasticity of Demand vs Price Elasticity of Supply
- Price Elasticity of Demand vs Total Revenue Test
- Price Floor vs Minimum Wage
- Price Leadership vs Collusion
- Price Taker vs Price Maker
- Primary Market vs Secondary Market
- Prime Rate vs Federal Funds Rate
- Principal-Agent Problem vs Market for Lemons
- Principal-Agent Problem vs Repeated Game
- Principal-Agent Problem vs Screening
- Principal-Agent Problem vs Signaling
- Prisoner's Dilemma vs Coordination Game
- Private Good vs Common-Pool Resource
- Private Good vs Tragedy of the Commons
- Private Saving vs Budget Surplus
- Producer Price Index (PPI) vs Consumer Price Index (CPI)
- Producer Surplus vs Deadweight Loss
- Producer Surplus vs Total Surplus
- Production Possibilities Curve vs Circular Flow Model
- Progressive Tax vs Proportional Tax
- Progressive Tax vs Regressive Tax
- Proportional Tax vs Regressive Tax
- Protectionism vs Customs Union
- Protectionism vs Dumping
- Protectionism vs Export Subsidy
- Protectionism vs Export-Led Growth
- Protectionism vs Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Protectionism vs Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- Protectionism vs Import Substitution Industrialization
- Public Good vs Common-Pool Resource
- Public Good vs Positive Externality
- Public Good vs Private Good
Q
R
- Rational Expectations vs Adaptive Expectations
- Rational Self-Interest vs Utility Maximization Rule
- Real GDP vs Per Capita GDP
- Real Interest Rate vs Nominal Interest Rate
- Real vs. Nominal Wage vs Minimum Wage
- Recession vs Recessionary Gap
- Recession vs Trough
- Recessionary Gap vs Inflationary Gap
- Renewable Resource vs Common-Pool Resource
- Renewable Resource vs Nonrenewable Resource
- Repeated Game vs Sequential Game
- Reservation Wage vs Minimum Wage
- Reservation Wage vs Unemployment Insurance
- Returns to Scale vs Economies of Scale
S
- Sales Tax vs Value-Added Tax (VAT)
- Scarcity vs Opportunity Cost
- Scarcity vs Shortage (Excess Demand)
- Screening vs Signaling
- Search and Matching vs Frictional Unemployment
- Sequential Game vs Coordination Game
- Sherman Antitrust Act vs Clayton Act
- Short Selling vs Arbitrage
- Short-Run Aggregate Supply vs Determinants of Aggregate Supply
- Short-Run Aggregate Supply vs Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Short-Run Phillips Curve vs Long-Run Phillips Curve
- Shortage (Excess Demand) vs Deadweight Loss
- Shortage (Excess Demand) vs Surplus (Excess Supply)
- Signaling Theory of Education vs On-the-Job Training
- Signaling vs Credible Threat
- Signaling vs Market for Lemons
- Social Cost of Carbon vs Carbon Tax
- Socialism vs Keynesian Economics
- Socialism vs Marxian Economics
- Socialism vs Mixed Economy
- Spending Multiplier vs Tax Multiplier
- Stagflation of the 1970s vs Volcker Disinflation
- Stagflation vs Recession
- Sticky-Wage Theory of SRAS vs Misperceptions Theory of SRAS
- Sticky-Wage Theory of SRAS vs Sticky-Price Theory (Menu Cost Theory) of SRAS
- Structural Unemployment vs Cyclical Unemployment
- Structural Unemployment vs Underemployment
- Subsidy vs Price Ceiling
- Subsidy vs Price Floor
- Subsidy vs Tariff
- Subsidy vs Transfer Payment
- Substitute Goods vs Complementary Goods
- Substitution Effect vs Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Anchoring Bias
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Confirmation Bias
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Endowment Effect
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Mental Accounting
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Prospect Theory
- Sunk Cost Fallacy vs Status Quo Bias
- Sunk Cost vs Fixed Costs
- Supply vs Demand
- Supply vs Quantity Supplied
- Sustainable Development vs Environmental Kuznets Curve
- Sustainable Development vs Green GDP
T
- Tariff vs Effective Rate of Protection
- Tariff vs Import Quota
- Tax Bracket vs Average Tax Rate
- Tax Bracket vs Capital Gains Tax
- Tax Bracket vs Corporate Income Tax
- Tax Bracket vs Estate Tax
- Tax Bracket vs Tax Base
- Tax Wedge vs Excess Burden of Taxation
- Tax Wedge vs Tax Incidence
- Taylor Rule vs Inflation Targeting
- Term Structure of Interest Rates vs Default Risk Premium
- Tit-for-Tat vs Grim Trigger Strategy
- Total Cost vs Marginal Cost
- Total Product vs Average Product
- Total Product vs Marginal Product
- Total Revenue Test vs Marginal Revenue and Elasticity
- Total Surplus vs Deadweight Loss
- Trade Deficit vs Trade Surplus
- Traditional Economy vs Market Economy
- Transfer Payment vs Tax Expenditure